4:12 … the Jews who came up … These are not those who returned under Cyrus, although this group no doubt joined those earlier returnees. This group came during the reign of this same Artaxerxes, probably with Ezra. They are charged with rebuilding the city, not the temple.31 Specifically, they were restoring the walls and repairing the foundations. This was a defensive measure for the security and protection of the inhabitants of Jerusalem against their adversaries. These same adversaries, however,